Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Hurst SF[original query] |
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Isolation of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus from the environment in the south-eastern USA
Hurst SF , Berkow EL , Stevenson KL , Litvintseva AP , Lockhart SR . J Antimicrob Chemother 2017 72 (9) 2443-2446 Background: Azole resistance in isolates of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus has been associated with agricultural use of azole fungicides. Environmental isolation of resistant isolates has been reported in Asia, Africa, Europe and South America. Objectives: To determine whether A. fumigatus isolates containing TR 34 /L98H or TR 46 /Y121F/T289A can be found in fields in the USA treated with agricultural azoles. Methods: Crop debris was collected and screened for A. fumigatus . All A. fumigatus isolates were screened for azole resistance. The CYP51A gene of azole-resistant isolates was sequenced. The population structure of a subset of isolates was determined using microsatellite typing. Results: This article identifies azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates containing the TR 34 /L98H mutation in an experimental peanut field that had been treated with azole fungicides. Conclusions: These findings suggest the development of resistance to azole antifungals in A. fumigatus may be present where agricultural azoles are used in the USA. |
Evaluation of the Specificity of Two Enzyme Immunoassays for Coccidioidomycosis by Using Sera from a Region of Endemicity and a Region of Nonendemicity
Lindsley MD , Ahn Y , McCotter O , Gade L , Hurst SF , Brandt ME , Park BJ , Litvintseva AP . Clin Vaccine Immunol 2015 22 (10) 1090-5 Coccidioidomycosis (CM), a serious and life threatening fungal infection endemic to arid regions of western United States and Mexico, can be challenging to diagnose in a timely manner. Commercially developed enzyme immunoassays (EIA; Meridian Biosciences and Immuno-Mycologics (IMMY)) have provided a faster, simpler means for serodiagnosis; however, independent evaluations have questioned EIA specificity, particularly IgM-positive/IgG-negative results. This study was conducted to evaluate EIA specificity in persons not likely to have been exposed to Coccidioides sp. residing in non-endemic Puerto Rico (PR; n=534) compared to sera from blood bank donors residing in endemic Arizona (AZ; n=1218). Upon comparing serum reactivity between PR and AZ, the Meridian EIA showed a significant difference in IgG-reactivity (0.37% vs. 3.6%, p<0.001), but not in IgM-reactivity (3.4% vs. 2.4%). No IgM/IgG-reactive sera were detected in PR sera compared to 7 (0.57%) from AZ. Similar results were observed using the IMMY EIA, although significantly (p=0.03) fewer IgM-reactive sera were observed from AZ, compared to Meridian EIA. EIA-reactive sera were also evaluated by immunodiffusion before and after 3-4-fold concentration of the sera. These results demonstrate that elevated IgG EIA-reactivity is present in sera from healthy individuals in endemic regions and that IgM EIA-reactivity observed in sera from individuals residing outside the endemic region is most likely false. Other criteria, including clinical and microbiological evaluation, should be taken into account when interpreting results from surveillance studies and other reporting measures. |
Molecular analyses of Fusarium isolates recovered from a cluster of invasive mold infections in a Brazilian hospital.
Scheel CM , Hurst SF , Barreiros G , Akiti T , Nucci M , Balajee SA . BMC Infect Dis 2013 13 49 BACKGROUND: Invasive fusariosis (IF) is a rare but often fatal fungal infection in immunosuppressed patients. In 2007, cases of IF above the expected epidemiologic baseline were detected in the hematology ward of a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Possible sources of infection were investigated by performing environmental sampling and patient isolate collection, followed by molecular typing. Isolates from dermatology patients with superficial fusariosis were included in the study for comparison to molecular types found in the community. METHODS: Environmental sampling focused on water-related sources in and around the hematology ward. Initially, we characterized 166 clinical and environmental isolates using the Fusarium translation elongation factor 1alpha (EF-1alpha) genetic locus. Isolates included 68 collected from water-related sources in the hospital environment, 55 from 18 hematology patients, and 43 from the skin/nails of 40 outpatients seen at the hospital dermatology clinic. Multi-locus sequence typing was performed on Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) species 1 and 2 isolates to investigate their relatedness further. RESULTS: Most of the hematology samples were FSSC species 2, with species type FSSC 2-d the most commonly isolated from these patients. Most of the outpatient dermatology samples were also FSSC 2, with type 2-d again predominating. In contrast, environmental isolates from water sources were mostly Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) and those from air samples mostly Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC). A third of the environmental samples were FSSC, with species types FSSC 1-a and FSSC 1-b predominating. CONCLUSIONS: Fusarium isolate species types from hematology patient infections were highly similar to those recovered from dermatology patients in the community. Four species types (FSSC 1-a, 1-b, 2-d and 2-f) were shared between hematology patients and the environment. Limitations in environmental sampling do not allow for nosocomial sources of infection to be ruled out. Future studies will focus on environmental factors that may have influenced the prevalence of FSSC fusariosis in this hematology ward. |
Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis treated with posaconazole
Rose SR , Lindsley MD , Hurst SF , Paddock CD , Damodaran T , Bennett J . Med Mycol Case Rep 2013 2 (1) 11-14 A 67 year-old Caucasian male from Arizona presented with indolent symptoms of intestinal obstruction and hydronephrosis, found at surgery to be caused by a mass involving the terminal ileum and cecum, extending into the posterior abdominal wall and obstructing the right ureter. Histopathology was diagnostic of basidiobolomycosis. PCR of tissue and sequencing identified the fungus as, Basidiobolus ranarum. During one year of posaconazole treatment, the residual mass shrank, hydronephrosis was relieved and peripheral eosinophilia resolved. |
Multilocus sequence typing of Histoplasma capsulatum in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from cats living in non-endemic regions reveals a new phylogenetic clade.
Balajee SA , Hurst SF , Chang LS , Miles M , Beeler E , Hale C , Kasuga T , Benedict K , Chiller T , Lindsley MD . Med Mycol 2012 51 (4) 345-51 Infections caused by Histoplasma capsulatum are found most often in endemic regions of North, Central, and South America. H. capsulatum has been divided into eight geographic clades by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Recently, one isolate and five formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples were received from six of 15 suspected cases of histoplasmosis in cats residing in areas not known to be endemic for H. capsulatum. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequence analysis of the rDNA ITS-2 region confirmed the diagnosis of H. capsulatum. Since these cases were not, as noted, from the accepted endemic areas, it was of interest to understand the molecular epidemiology of these isolates. Results of molecular analysis indicated that the H. capsulatum recovered from the cats were most closely related to the North American-1 clade, but clustered separately outside this clade, suggesting that the H. capsulatum infecting the animals may represent a separate clade or phylogenetic species. This study also demonstrated the utility of obtaining valuable molecular subtype data directly from archived FFPE tissue blocks, particularly when a fungus culture was not performed or is otherwise unavailable. |
Global population structure of Aspergillus terreus inferred by ISSR typing reveals geographical subclustering.
Neal CO , Richardson AO , Hurst SF , Tortorano AM , Viviani MA , Stevens DA , Balajee SA . BMC Microbiol 2011 11 203 BACKGROUND: Aspergillus terreus causes invasive aspergillosis (IA) in immunocompromised individuals and can be the leading cause of IA in certain medical centers. We examined a large isolate collection (n = 117) for the presence of cryptic A. terreus species and employed a genome scanning method, Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) PCR to determine A. terreus population structure. RESULTS: Comparative sequence analyses of the calmodulin locus revealed the presence of the recently recognized species A. alabamensis (n = 4) in this collection. Maximum parsimony, Neighbor joining, and Bayesian clustering of the ISSR data from the 113 sequence-confirmed A. terreus isolates demonstrated that one clade was composed exclusively of isolates from Europe and another clade was enriched for isolates from the US. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of a population structure linked to geographical origin in A. terreus. |
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